ML / machine learning
Recurrent Neural Networks, RNN
관련글 :
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks
원본 소스 :
https://gist.github.com/karpathy/d4dee566867f8291f086
python 3 버전
# encoding=utf8
"""
Minimal character-level Vanilla RNN model. Written by Andrej Karpathy (@karpathy)
BSD License
"""
import numpy as np
import codecs
# data I/O
with codecs.open('input.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
data = fp.read()
# data = open('input.txt', 'r').read() # should be simple plain text file
chars = list(set(data))
data_size, vocab_size = len(data), len(chars)
print ('data has %d characters, %d unique.' % (data_size, vocab_size))
char_to_ix = { ch:i for i,ch in enumerate(chars) }
ix_to_char = { i:ch for i,ch in enumerate(chars) }
# hyperparameters
hidden_size = 100 # size of hidden layer of neurons
seq_length = 25 # number of steps to unroll the RNN for
learning_rate = 1e-1
# model parameters
Wxh = np.random.randn(hidden_size, vocab_size)*0.01 # input to hidden
Whh = np.random.randn(hidden_size, hidden_size)*0.01 # hidden to hidden
Why = np.random.randn(vocab_size, hidden_size)*0.01 # hidden to output
bh = np.zeros((hidden_size, 1)) # hidden bias
by = np.zeros((vocab_size, 1)) # output bias
def lossFun(inputs, targets, hprev):
"""
inputs,targets are both list of integers.
hprev is Hx1 array of initial hidden state
returns the loss, gradients on model parameters, and last hidden state
"""
xs, hs, ys, ps = {}, {}, {}, {}
hs[-1] = np.copy(hprev)
loss = 0
# forward pass
for t in range(len(inputs)):
xs[t] = np.zeros((vocab_size,1)) # encode in 1-of-k representation
xs[t][inputs[t]] = 1
hs[t] = np.tanh(np.dot(Wxh, xs[t]) + np.dot(Whh, hs[t-1]) + bh) # hidden state
ys[t] = np.dot(Why, hs[t]) + by # unnormalized log probabilities for next chars
ps[t] = np.exp(ys[t]) / np.sum(np.exp(ys[t])) # probabilities for next chars
loss += -np.log(ps[t][targets[t],0]) # softmax (cross-entropy loss)
# backward pass: compute gradients going backwards
dWxh, dWhh, dWhy = np.zeros_like(Wxh), np.zeros_like(Whh), np.zeros_like(Why)
dbh, dby = np.zeros_like(bh), np.zeros_like(by)
dhnext = np.zeros_like(hs[0])
for t in reversed(range(len(inputs))):
dy = np.copy(ps[t])
dy[targets[t]] -= 1 # backprop into y. see http://cs231n.github.io/neural-networks-case-study/#grad if confused here
dWhy += np.dot(dy, hs[t].T)
dby += dy
dh = np.dot(Why.T, dy) + dhnext # backprop into h
dhraw = (1 - hs[t] * hs[t]) * dh # backprop through tanh nonlinearity
dbh += dhraw
dWxh += np.dot(dhraw, xs[t].T)
dWhh += np.dot(dhraw, hs[t-1].T)
dhnext = np.dot(Whh.T, dhraw)
for dparam in [dWxh, dWhh, dWhy, dbh, dby]:
np.clip(dparam, -5, 5, out=dparam) # clip to mitigate exploding gradients
return loss, dWxh, dWhh, dWhy, dbh, dby, hs[len(inputs)-1]
def sample(h, seed_ix, n):
"""
sample a sequence of integers from the model
h is memory state, seed_ix is seed letter for first time step
"""
x = np.zeros((vocab_size, 1))
x[seed_ix] = 1
ixes = []
for t in range(n):
h = np.tanh(np.dot(Wxh, x) + np.dot(Whh, h) + bh)
y = np.dot(Why, h) + by
p = np.exp(y) / np.sum(np.exp(y))
ix = np.random.choice(range(vocab_size), p=p.ravel())
x = np.zeros((vocab_size, 1))
x[ix] = 1
ixes.append(ix)
return ixes
n, p = 0, 0
mWxh, mWhh, mWhy = np.zeros_like(Wxh), np.zeros_like(Whh), np.zeros_like(Why)
mbh, mby = np.zeros_like(bh), np.zeros_like(by) # memory variables for Adagrad
smooth_loss = -np.log(1.0/vocab_size)*seq_length # loss at iteration 0
while True:
# prepare inputs (we're sweeping from left to right in steps seq_length long)
if p+seq_length+1 >= len(data) or n == 0:
hprev = np.zeros((hidden_size,1)) # reset RNN memory
p = 0 # go from start of data
inputs = [char_to_ix[ch] for ch in data[p:p+seq_length]]
targets = [char_to_ix[ch] for ch in data[p+1:p+seq_length+1]]
# sample from the model now and then
if n % 100 == 0:
sample_ix = sample(hprev, inputs[0], 200)
txt = ''.join(ix_to_char[ix] for ix in sample_ix)
print ('----\n %s \n----' % (txt, ))
# forward seq_length characters through the net and fetch gradient
loss, dWxh, dWhh, dWhy, dbh, dby, hprev = lossFun(inputs, targets, hprev)
smooth_loss = smooth_loss * 0.999 + loss * 0.001
if n % 100 == 0: print ('iter %d, loss: %f' % (n, smooth_loss)) # print progress
# perform parameter update with Adagrad
for param, dparam, mem in zip([Wxh, Whh, Why, bh, by],
[dWxh, dWhh, dWhy, dbh, dby],
[mWxh, mWhh, mWhy, mbh, mby]):
mem += dparam * dparam
param += -learning_rate * dparam / np.sqrt(mem + 1e-8) # adagrad update
p += seq_length # move data pointer
n += 1 # iteration counter
fdsfds
결과
무한 loop 이라, 적정한 시점에 알아서 멈추면 된다.
아래 결과는 대략 12시간 정도를 돌렸다. 컴퓨터 스펙은 아래와 같다.
- CPU: i7-6700, 3.40GHz
- RAM: 16GB
----
beahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nela haeiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol e iohahenasen
----
iter 9309400, loss: 0.000086
----
e nh a taei.rairrhelardr naioa aneaa ayio pe e bhnte ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cds
----
iter 9309500, loss: 0.000086
----
jCTCnhoofeoxelif edElobe negnk e iohehasenoldndAmdaI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cds
----
iter 9309600, loss: 0.000086
----
negnk e iohehasenoldndAmdaI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr
----
iter 9309700, loss: 0.000086
----
aI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr neli ae e angnI hyho gben
----
iter 9309800, loss: 0.000086
----
gehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nela dr iohecgrpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AA
----
iter 9309900, loss: 0.000086
----
piahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol e iohahenasenese hbea bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a t
----
iter 9310000, loss: 0.000086
----
er” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nela hamnaI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgnhi beahe
Ddabealohe bee amoi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddeln
----
iter 9310100, loss: 0.000086
----
bih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol gyio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae
----
iter 9310200, loss: 0.000086
----
beahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr ntlhnegnns. e
amo k ns aeh?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol e iohehengrpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeah
----
iter 9310300, loss: 0.000086
----
e nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol’e btentmuhgehi gcdslatha arenbggcodaeta tehr he ni.rhelaney gehnha e ar i ho bee amote ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nol nyio chge heiohecgr
----
iter 9310400, loss: 0.000086
----
jCTCnhoofeoxelif edElobe negnk e iohehasenoldndAmdaI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cds
----
iter 9310500, loss: 0.000086
----
negnk e iohehasenoldndAmdaI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr
----
iter 9310600, loss: 0.000086
----
aI ayio pe e h’e btentmuhgehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nelardae abeahngy
amo k
----
iter 9310700, loss: 0.000086
----
gehi bcgdltt. gey heho grpiahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr ntl negnk t hi rsnse nhk br ne” a naeiarairr elirs
----
iter 9310800, loss: 0.000086
----
piahe.
Ddelnss.eelaishaner” cot AAfhB ht ltny
ehbih a”on bhnte ectrsnae abeahngy
amo k ns aeo?cdse nh a taei.rairrhelardr nelardaenabeahngelareierhi. aif edElobe negrcih gey gey heho grpiahe.
Ddel
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